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Writer's pictureJere Folgert

Where do the Colors of Flowers Come From? Why do Some Hardneck Garlic have Purple Skin?

Updated: Jan 16

The dazzling colors of flowers aren't just eye candy – they're actually nature's way of advertising for business! Flower colors come from tiny chemical factories within petals called pigments. These pigments selectively absorb some light wavelengths and reflect others, creating the hues we see. The most common pigment families are anthocyanins (responsible for blues, reds, and purples) and carotenoids (for yellows and oranges). 


Plants and flowers aren't just green machines, they're nature's fashionistas, rocking dazzling pigments that would make any runway jealous. But where do these vibrant hues come from? It's all about tiny chemical artists hiding inside their cells, called pigments, and three main crews: chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins.


Chlorophyll, the boss of the bunch, is the reason most plants wear green. These little guys are busy factories, trapping sunlight to make food for the plant. But they're not alone! Carotenoids, like beta-carotene in carrots, join the party, soaking up extra sunlight and showing off in yellows, oranges, and reds, especially when chlorophyll takes a break in autumn.


Then there are the anthocyanins, the flamboyant dancers of the pigment world. These guys are responsible for reds, purples, and blues, and they change color like chameleons depending on the pH of the plant's sap. Imagine them adjusting their outfits to match the mood of the soil!


So, next time you admire a rose or a sunflower, remember the silent symphony of pigments playing inside its cells. It's a living chemistry lab, a kaleidoscope of nature's creativity, all designed to attract pollinators, dazzle our eyes, and prove that even the smallest plant can be a master of color. Now go forth and marvel at the botanical fashion show around you!



Why do Hardneck Garlic have Purple Skins
Why do Hardneck Garlic have Purple Skins


But it's not just pigments – other factors like pH level and growing conditions can tweak the shade just like adjusting knobs on a radio. And guess what? These vibrant colors aren't just for show – they're a grand invitation to pollinators like bees and butterflies! By advertising their color, flowers attract these helpful guests who carry pollen, allowing the flower to reproduce and ensure future generations of dazzlingly colored blooms. So next time you admire a flower, remember – it's not just pretty, it's a vibrant billboard in the marketplace of nature!

The presence of anthocyanin pigments, influenced by soil pH and genetics, paints hardneck garlic cloves in vibrant purple hues. While hardneck garlic's mesmerizing purple skin owes much to its genetics and internal pigment dance, soil conditions and even fertilizer choices can subtly influence the shade and vibrancy of its color. Let's delve into the earthy orchestra that produces this visual symphony:


Soil pH: Anthocyanins, the pigments behind the purple magic, thrive in slightly acidic environments. So, soils with a pH range around 6.2-6.8 can encourage deeper, richer purple hues. Alkaline soils, on the other hand, suppress anthocyanin production, favoring muted tones or even browns.


Phosphorus and Nitrogen: While not directly responsible for pigmentation, these essential nutrients play a crucial role in overall plant health and stress tolerance. Adequate phosphorus levels can enhance anthocyanin production, leading to bolder purples. Similarly, balanced nitrogen levels ensure optimal plant growth and sugar production, which indirectly support vibrant color development.


Organic Matter: Think of organic matter like a slow-release fertilizer and soil conditioner. Its gentle decomposition provides a steady supply of nutrients, including sulfur, which can contribute to a slightly more vibrant purple in garlic skins. Additionally, healthy organic matter improves soil drainage and aeration, creating a favorable environment for anthocyanin production.


Fertilizer Choices: While organic fertilizers generally support natural pigment production, some synthetic fertilizers can have unintended consequences. Excess nitrogen fertilization, for example, can promote rapid leaf growth at the expense of anthocyanin synthesis, resulting in paler garlic skins. Opting for fertilizers formulated for garlic or focusing on organic amendments can help maintain the optimal balance for vibrant purple hues.


Remember, the interplay of genetics, soil pH, nutrients, and even sunlight exposure all contribute to the unique shade of your hardneck garlic's skin. So, next time you admire those beautiful cloves, appreciate the complex earth symphony that brought them to life.


The vibrant colors of flower petals come from a variety of pigments, which are molecules that absorb and reflect light. The specific pigments present in a flower's petals determine its color. Some of the most common pigments found in flowers include:


  • Anthocyanins: These pigments are responsible for the colors red, pink, blue, and purple in flowers. They are water-soluble and can change color depending on the pH of their environment. For example, red anthocyanins become blue in acidic conditions.

  • Carotenoids: These pigments are responsible for the colors yellow, orange, and red in flowers. They are also found in many fruits and vegetables, such as carrots and tomatoes. Carotenoids are fat-soluble and are important for plant health.

  • Chlorophyll: This pigment is responsible for the green color of leaves and stems. It is also present in some flower petals, but it is often masked by other pigments. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.


groeat farm purple garlic
Purple Garlic


Buckle up, garlic fans, because we're about to dig into the secret life of purple hardneck garlic!  Forget boring brown soil – these cloves are dressed to impress in vibrant violet. But where does this underground disco party get its groove on?


The secret lies in a molecule called anthocyanin (say "an-tho-SHI-an-in"). Anthocyanins are like tiny artists, wielding their colorful paintbrushes to decorate plants in shades of red, purple, and blue. In hardneck garlic, these pigments hang out in special cells called vacuoles, nestled within the clove wrappers. When sunlight hits the anthocyanins, it bounces off in certain wavelengths, creating that eye-catching purple hue. It's like a microscopic light show happening right under your nose (or should we say, in your soil)! But why purple? Well, like most things in nature, it's not just for show. Anthocyanins act like tiny superheroes, protecting the garlic from harmful UV rays and even attracting helpful insects like pollinators. So, the next time you slice into a head of purple hardneck garlic, remember – you're not just enjoying a burst of flavor, you're witnessing a testament to the power and magic of plant pigments!

And for the extra science-y scoop, here's a bonus fact: The specific shade of purple can vary depending on the type of anthocyanin present and the pH of the soil. So, your local patch of purple garlic might be singing a slightly different tune than the ones across town!


In addition to pigments, the structure of a flower's petals can also affect its color. For example, some flowers have cells with air pockets that scatter light, creating a white or iridescent appearance. Other flowers have cells with a waxy cuticle that reflects light, making them appear shiny.


The colors of flower petals are not just for show. They play an important role in attracting pollinators, such as bees and butterflies. These pollinators are essential for the reproduction of many flowering plants. The colors of flowers also help to protect them from pests and diseases. For example, some flowers produce pigments that are toxic to insects.

The specific colors of flower petals are the result of millions of years of evolution. Flowers have evolved to produce colors that are most attractive to the pollinators that they need to reproduce. The colors of flower petals are a testament to the incredible diversity and beauty of the natural world.



hardneck garlic purple skins groeat farm


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GroEat Garlic Farm is a small, family-owned and operated farm located in Bozeman, Montana. The farm was started by Mr. Jere Folgert, who is passionate about growing high-quality garlic. The farm uses sustainable practices, such as cover cropping and crop rotation, to protect the environment.




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